Methods of Reducing Stress Concentration
1. Provide a fillet radius so that the cross-section may change gradually.
2. Sometimes an elliptical fillet is also used.
3. If a notch is unavoidable it is better to provide a number of small notches rather than a long one. This reduces the stress concentration to a large extent.
4. If a projection is unavoidable from design considerations it is preferable to provide a narrow notch than a wide notch.
5. Stress relieving groove are sometimes provided.
